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    • CAIE A Level Accounting
      • CAIE A Level Accounting topical past paper 3
        • A Level Accounting Topical Past Paper 3 – 3.1.3 Clubs and societies
        • A Level Accounting Topical Past Paper 3 – 3.1.4 Manufacturing businesses
        • A Level Accounting Topical Past Paper 3 – 3.1.5 Limited companies
        • A Level Accounting Topical Past Paper 3 – 3.2.1 International Accounting Standards
        • A Level Accounting Topical Past Paper 3 – 3.3.1 Business acquisition and merger
        • A Level Accounting Topical Past Paper 3 – 3.5.1 Analysis and communication of accounting information
      • CAIE A Level Accounting topical past paper 4
        • A Level Accounting Topical Past Paper 4 – 4.2.1 Standard costing
        • A Level Accounting Topical Past Paper 4 – 4.3.1 Budgeting and budgetary control
        • A Level Accounting Topical Past Paper 4 – 4.4.1 Investment appraisal
    • teachMe CIE A Level Economics
      • A Level Economics Podcasts
      • CIE A Level Economics Topical Practice Questions
      • teachMe CIE A Level Economics Notes
        • teachMe A Level Economics Notes – 8.3 Labour market forces and government intervention
      • teachMe CIE A Level Economics Reading Materials
      • teachMe CIE A Level Economics sample essays
        • teachMe A Level Economics sample essays – 10.3 Policy options to macroeconomic objectives
        • teachMe A Level Economics sample essays – 11.1 Policies to correct disequilibrium in the balance of payments
        • teachMe A Level Economics sample essays – 11.4 Characteristics of countries at different levels of development
        • teachMe A Level Economics sample essays – 8.3 Labour market forces and government intervention
        • teachMe A Level Economics sample essays – 11.3 Economic development
        • teachMe CIE A level Sample Essay – 7.4 Private costs & benefits, externalities and social costs & benefits
      • teachMe CIE A Level Economics topical past paper 2
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 10.2 Macroeconomic problems & their interrelatedness
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 10.3 Policy options to macroeconomic objectives
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 11.1 Policies to correct disequilibrium in the BoP
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 11.2 Exchange rates
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 11.3 Economic development
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 11.4 Characteristics of countries at different levels of development
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 11.5 Relationship between countries at different levels of development
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 11.6 Globalisation
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 7.1 Utility
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 7.2 Indifference curves and budget lines
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 7.3 Efficiency and market failure
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 7.4 Externalities
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 7.5 Types of cost, revenue and profit
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 7.6 Different market structures
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 7.7 Growth and survival of firms
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 7.8 Differing objectives & policies of firms
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 8.1 Govt policies for efficient resource allocation and correcting market failure
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 8.3 Labour market forces
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 9.1 The circular flow of income
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 9.2 Economic growth and sustainability
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 9.3 Employment/unemployment
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 9.4 Money and banking
    • teachMe CIE AS Accounting
      • CIE AS Accounting Most challenging MCQ
      • teachMe CIE AS Accounting topical past paper 2
        • AS Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 1.3.1 Capital and revenue income and expenditure
        • AS Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 1.4.2 Trial Balance
        • AS Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 1.5.4 Limited companies
        • CAIE AS Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 1.5.2 Sole Traders
        • CAIE AS Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 1.5.3 Partnerships
        • CAIE AS Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 2.2 Costing
        • teachMe AS Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 1.3.2 Changing Asset Values
        • teachMe AS Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 1.4.4 Control Accounts
        • teachMe AS Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 1.5.1 Adjustments to draft financial statements
        • teachMe CIE AS Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 1.6.2 Calculation and evaluation of ratios
    • teachMe CIE AS Economics
      • teachMe CIE AS Economics Detailed Notes
      • teachMe CIE AS Economics Most challenging MCQ
      • teachMe CIE AS Economics sample essays
        • AS Economics sample essays – 1.4 Resource allocation in different economic systems
        • teachMe AS Economics sample essays – Classification of goods & services
        • teachMe AS Economics sample essays – Price elasticity of supply
        • teachMe AS Economics sample essays – Price elasticity, income elasticity and cross elasticity of demand
        • teachMe AS Economics sample essays – Price stability
        • teachMe AS Economics sample essays – 3.3 Addressing income and wealth inequality
        • teachMe AS Economics sample essays – 4.5 Unemployment
        • teachMe AS Economics sample essays – 6.1 The Reasons for International Trade
        • teachMe AS Economics sample essays – AD and AS analysis
        • teachMe AS Economics sample essays – Factors of production
        • teachMe AS Economics sample essays – Methods and effects of government intervention in markets
        • teachMe AS Economics sample essays – PPC
        • teachMe AS Economics sample essays -Economic growth
        • teachMe AS Economics sample essays -Supply side policy
      • teachMe CIE AS Economics topical past paper 2
        • teachMe AS Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 1.5 Production possibility curves
        • teachMe AS Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 2.1 Demand and supply curves
        • teachMe AS Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 2.3 Price elasticity of supply
        • teachMe AS Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 3.2 government intervention in markets
        • teachMe AS Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 4.5 Unemployment
        • teachMe AS Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – Classification of goods and services
        • teachMe AS Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – Price elasticity, income elasticity & cross elasticity of demand
        • teachMe AS Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – Price stability
        • teachMe AS Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 1.4 Resource allocation in different economic systems
        • teachMe AS Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 2.4 The interaction of demand and supply
        • teachMe AS Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 3.3 Addressing income and wealth inequality
        • teachMe AS Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 4.4 Economic growth
        • teachMe AS Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 5.2 Fiscal policy
        • teachMe AS Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply analysis
        • teachMe AS Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – Consumer and producer surplus
        • teachMe AS Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – Introduction to the circular flow of income
        • teachMe AS Economics Topical Past Paper 2- 5.4 Supply-side policy
        • teachMe AS Economics Topical Past Paper 2- 6.1 The reasons for international trade
        • teachMe AS Economics Topical Past Paper 2- 6.2 Protectionism
        • teachMe AS Economics Topical Past Paper 2- 6.3 Current account of the balance of payments
        • teachMe AS Economics Topical Past Paper 2- balance of payments
        • teachMe AS Economics Topical Past Paper 2- Exchange rates
        • teachMe AS Economics Topical Past Paper 2- factors of production
        • teachMe AS Economics Topical Past Paper 2-Monetary policy
    • teachMe CIE IGCSE Accounting
      • CAIE IGCSE Accounting Most challenging MCQ
      • teachMe CIE IGCSE Accounting topical past paper 2
        • teachMe IGCSE Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 2.31 Books of prime entry – Cash Book
        • teachMe IGCSE Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 2.32 Books of prime entry – Petty cash book
        • teachMe IGCSE Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 2.33 Books of prime entry – Journals
        • teachMe IGCSE Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 3.2 Correction of errors
        • teachMe IGCSE Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 3.3 Bank reconciliation
        • teachMe IGCSE Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 3.4 Control accounts
        • teachMe IGCSE Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 4.1 Capital & Revenue Expenditures
        • teachMe IGCSE Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 4.2 Accounting for depreciation and disposal of non-current assets
        • teachMe IGCSE Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 4.3 Other payables and other receivables
        • teachMe IGCSE Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 4.4 prov doubtful debts
        • teachMe IGCSE Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 4.5 Valuation of inventory
        • teachMe IGCSE Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 5.1 Sole Trader
        • teachMe IGCSE Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 5.2 Partnership
        • teachMe IGCSE Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 5.3 Limited Companies
        • teachMe IGCSE Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 5.4 Clubs and societies
        • teachMe IGCSE Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 5.5 Manufacturing accounts
        • teachMe IGCSE Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 5.6 Incomplete records
        • teachMe IGCSE Accounting Topical Past Paper 2 – 6.1 Ratio Analysis
    • teachMe CIE IGCSE Business Studies
      • teachMe CIE IGCSE Business Studies topical past paper 1
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 1.1 Business activity
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 1.2 Classification of businesses
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 1.3 Enterprise, business growth and size
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 1.4 Types of business organisation
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 1.5 Business objectives and stakeholder objectives
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 2.1 Motivating employees
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 2.2 Organisation and management
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 2.3 Recruitment, selection and training of employees
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 2.4 Internal and external communication
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 3.1 Marketing, competition and the customer
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 3.2 Market research
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 3.3 promotion
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 3.31 Marketing mix – Product
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 3.32 Marketing mix – Price
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 3.33 Marketing mix – Place
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 3.35 Technology and the marketing mix
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 3.4 Marketing strategy
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 4.1 Production of goods and services
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 4.2 Costs, scale of production and break-even analysis
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 4.3 Achieving quality production
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 4.4 Location Decisions
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 5.1 Business finance: needs and sources
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 5.2 Cash-flow forecasting and working capital
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 5.3 Income statements
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 5.4 Statement of financial position
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 5.5 Analysis of accounts
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 6.1 Economic issues
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 6.2 Environmental and ethical issues
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 1 – 6.3 Business and the international economy
      • teachMe CIE IGCSE Business Studies topical past paper 2
        • IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 2 – 1.4 Types of business organisation
        • IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 2 – 2.1 Motivating employees
        • IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 2 – 3.1 Marketing, competition and the customer
        • IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 2 – 3.1 Marketing, competition and the customer
        • teachMe IGCSE Business Studies Topical Past Paper 2 – 2.3 Recruitment, selection and training of employees
    • teachMe CIE IGCSE Economics
      • CIE IGCSE Economics Most challenging MCQ
      • teachMe CIE IGCSE Economics Notes
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Notes – 2.0 The allocation of resources
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Notes – 3.0 Microeconomic decision makers
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Notes – 4.0 Government and the Macroeconomy
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Notes – 5.0 Economic Development
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Notes – 6.0 Globalisation, free trade and protection
      • teachMe CIE IGCSE Economics topical past paper 2
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 1.1 The nature of the economic problem
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 1.2 The factors of production
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 1.4 Production possibility curve (PPC) diagrams
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 2.1 Microeconomics and macroeconomics
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 2.10 Market failure
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 2.11 Mixed economic system
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 2.2 role of markets in allocating resources
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 2.3 demand
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 2.4 supply
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 2.5 Price determination
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 2.7 Price elasticity of demand (PED)
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 2.8 Price elasticity of supply (PES)
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 2.9 Market economic system
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 3.1 Money and banking
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 3.2 Households
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 3.3 Workers
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 3.5 Firms
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 3.6 Firms and production
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 3.7 Firms’ costs, revenue and objectives
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 3.8 Market structure
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 4.2 The macroeconomic aims of government
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 4.3 Fiscal policy
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 4.4 Monetary policy
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 4.5 Supply-side policy
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 4.6 Economic growth
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 4.7 Employment and unemployment
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 4.8 Inflation and deflation
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 5.1 Differences in economic development between countries
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 5.1 Living standards
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 5.2 Poverty
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 6.1 International specialisation
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 6.2 Globalisation, free trade and protection
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 6.3 Foreign exchange rates
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – 6.4 Current account of balance of payments
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – Opportunity cost
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – Population
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – Price Changes
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – The role of government
        • teachMe IGCSE Economics Topical Past Paper 2 – Trade unions
      • teachMe CIE IGCSE Economics topical practise questions
        • IGCSE Economics topical practise questions – 2.11 Mixed Economy
    • teachMe EDEXCEL A Level Economics
      • teachMe EDEXCEL A Level Economics (IAL) topical past papers
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper Unit 1 – 1.2.2 The demand curve
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper Unit 1 – 1.4.2 Consumer and producer surplus
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper Unit 1 – 1.5.3 Non-provision of public goods
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper Unit 2 – 2.1.3 Employment and unemployment
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper Unit 2 – 2.3.2 Short-run AS (SRAS)
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper Unit 2 – 2.5.4 Output gaps
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper Unit 2 – 2.6.3 Macroeconomic supply-side policies
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper Unit 2 – 2.6.4 Macroeconomic demand-side policies
        • teachMe A Level Economics Topical Past Paper Unit 3 – 1.6.1 Purpose & methods of gov intervention
        • teachMe IAL Edexcel Topical Past Paper Unit 3 – 3.1.2 Size of businesses
        • teachMe IAL Edexcel Topical Past Paper Unit 3 – 3.1.3 Business objectives
        • teachMe IAL Edexcel Topical Past Paper Unit 3 – 3.3.1 Efficiency
        • teachMe IAL Edexcel Topical Past Paper Unit 3 – 3.3.5 Oligopoly
        • teachMe IAL Edexcel Topical Past Paper Unit 3 – 3.3.6 Monopoly
        • teachMe IAL Edexcel Topical Past Paper Unit 3 – 3.5.1 Government intervention in product markets
        • teachMe IAL Edexcel Topical Past Paper Unit 3 – 3.5.2 Government intervention in labour markets
        • teachMe IAL Edexcel Topical Past Paper Unit 4 – 3.4.3 The determination of wage rates in competitive and non-competitive markets
        • teachMe IAL Edexcel Topical Past Paper Unit 4 – 4.1.2 Causes of globalisation
        • teachMe IAL Edexcel Topical Past Paper Unit 4 – 4.1.3 Effects of globalisation
        • teachMe IAL Edexcel Topical Past Paper Unit 4 – 4.2.3 Terms of trade
        • teachMe IAL Edexcel Topical Past Paper Unit 4 – 4.2.4 Trade liberalisation and trading blocs
        • teachMe IAL Edexcel Topical Past Paper Unit 4 – 4.2.5 Restrictions on free trade
        • teachMe IAL Edexcel Topical Past Paper Unit 4 – 4.3.1 Balance of payments
        • teachMe IAL Edexcel Topical Past Paper Unit 4 – 4.3.2 Exchange rates
        • teachMe IAL Edexcel Topical Past Paper Unit 4 – 4.4.2 Inequality
        • teachMe IAL Edexcel Topical Past Paper Unit 4 – 4.5.1 Public expenditure
        • teachMe IAL Edexcel Topical Past Paper Unit 4 – 4.5.3 Public sector borrowing and public sector debt
        • teachMe IAL Edexcel Topical Past Paper Unit 4 – 4.6.2 Constraints on growth and development
        • teachMe IAL Edexcel Topical Past Paper Unit 4 – 4.6.3 Measures to promote growth and development
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CIE IGCSE Topical Past Paper 2

3.1 Marketing, competition and the customer

Return to topics list
0450/21/M/J/25

2(a) Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of PF selling its products in a mass market. [8] [Click here for the Case Study Insert]

Advantage :
Explanation :
Disdvantage :
Explanation:

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